Content

 GRAMMAR:

Present Progressive or Continuous

We use it to express actions that are happening in this momento, actions that are in progress.

I am teaching.

He is running in the park.

We are studying English.

Structure:

Subject + am/is/are + verb in base form + ing + comp.

She is studying Mathematics.

Verb to be:

I am

You are

He is

She is

It is

We are

You are

They are

Negative form:

I am teaching.

(-) I am not teaching.

(-) I’m not teaching.

He is running in the park.

He is not running in the park.

He isn’t running in the park.

He’s not running in the park.

We are studying English.

We are not studying English.

We aren’t studying English.

We’re not studying English.

Spelling:

Study = He is studying.

Come = They are coming

See = it is seeing

Do = I am doing

Run = We are running

cvc

put = she is putting the cutlery.

Time expressions:

Today

Now

Right now

In this moment

At the moment

This ……….

These……..

Look

Listen

I listen (listen) to the radio every day. (simple present)

I am listening (listen) to the radio right now. (present progressive)

Questions:

1. Yes/No questions

He is listening to music.

Is he listening to music?

Yes, he is

No, he isn’t

You are working hard.

Are you working hard?

Yes, I am

No, I’m not.

Am I teaching English?

Yes, you are

No, you aren’t

2. Wh-questions / Information questions

Are you studying? Yes I am / No, I’m not

What are you studying? ¿Qué estás estudiando?

I am studying English

When are you studying?

I am studying every day.

Where are you studying?

I am studying at home.

Who are you studying with?

I am studying with my friends

Why are you studying English?

Because it is necessary for my career.

Because I like it.

Because it is mandatory.

Because it is necessary to get a good job.

Who is teaching you English?

Teacher Hernán is teaching me English.

Your ……. Is different than YOU

HE or SHE

Is your best friend?

         He/she

Are your friends

              They

Hernán is working

He is working

He’s (correct)

He´s (incorrect)

What are you wearing? Que estás puesto?

I am wearing sneakers, jeans and t-shirt.

What kinds of clothes do you like to wear?

I like to wear…..

UNIT 8 

Grammar:

Like to 

Want to

Need to

Have to

verbs to

I like to wear a dress.

My sister likes to wear a dress.

I like apples

You want to learn English.

He wants to learn English. 

You want a car.

We need to buy a computer.

She needs to buy a computer.

We need money.

They have to go to the gym.

My brother has to go to the gym.

They have dogs.

Structure:

Subject + like/want/need/have + to + verb base form + c.

Simple present 

Third person: He – she – it

We have to add:

S-ES-IES

Have:

I have

You have

He has

She has

It has

We have

You have

They have

Negative form:

We use two auxiliary verbs:

don’t (do not) (I, you, we, they)

doesn’t (does not) (he,she,it)

You like to speak Japanese.

You don’t like to speak Japanese.

She likes to visit the church.

She doesn’t like to visit the church.

We need to buy jeans.

We don’t need to buy jeans.

She needs to learn Chemistry.

She doesn’t need to learn Chemistry.

They have to go tomorrow.

They don’t have to go tomorrow.

He has to drive his car.

He doesn’t have to drive his car.

Questions:

We use two auxiliary verbs:

do (I, you, we, they)

does (he, she, it)

You have to dance in the party.

Do you have to dance in the party?

Yes, I do

No, I don’t

She has to buy a new dress.

Does she have to buy a new dress?

Yes, she does

No, she doesn’t

What do you find (color) in nature?

What do you find (red) in nature? an apple

What do you find (white) in nature? the snow

Grammar:

How much =¿Cuánto cuesta?

How much is this car? ¿Cuánto cuesta este carro?

Singular Plural

This (near) These (near)

That (we point the object) Those (we point the objects)

How much is this computer?

It’s $600

This = esto, esta, este

How much are these computers?

They’re $1.000

These = estos, estas

How much is that computer?

It’s $800

That = eso, esa, ese

How much are those computers?

They’re $2.000

Those = esos, esas

UNIT 9

What other things do you like to do when you visit other places?

Take photos.

Go shopping

Buy souvenirs

Visit museums

Try local food

Take a walk

Grammar:

We can use the modal verb CAN (poder), and we use it in the following situations:

1. Abilities

2. Possibilities

3. Permission

4. Request.

1. Abilities:

I can speak English.

Stephanie can dance.

Francis can play basketball.

Israel can dance regueton.

Structure:

Subject + can/can’t + verb base form + c

Jenny can singer

Guido can to play ecuavolley

Negative form

My sister can bake.

(-) My sister can’t bake.

He can ride a horse.

(-) He can’t ride a horse.

Questions:

You can iron.

Can you iron?

Yes, I can

No, I can’t

She can speak four languages.

Can she speak four languages?

Yes, she can.

No, she can’t.

2. Possibility.

You can eat fish.

You can eat chontacuros.

You can eat traditional food.

Structure:

Subject + can/can’t + verb base form + c

Yes/no questions:

You can visit the lakes in Ibarra.

Can you visit the lakes in Ibarra?

Yes, I can

No, I can’t

Wh-question / Information questions

What can I do in Ambato?

You can buy souvenirs.

You can eat llapingachos.

You can visit your family.

You can visit a museum.

UNIT 10

What did you do last night?

Last nigh I ……

Grammar:

Simple Past.

We can use the simple past with:

1. Regular verbs.

2. Irregular verbs.

1. Regular verbs

Work = worked

Clean = cleaned

Jump = jumped

Watch = watched

Like = liked

Play = played stay = stayed

Study = studied cry = cried fry = fried

Chat = chatted stop = stopped shop = shopped

 cvc

Except (W,X,Y,Z)

My friend cleaned the house.

You cooked dinner last night.

They visited the mall.

Structure:

Subject + verb past + c

Negative: We use auxiliary verb didn’t (did not)

My friend cleaned the house.

(-) My friend didn’t clean the house.

You cooked dinner last night.

(-) You didn’t cook dinner last night.

They visited the mall.

(-) They didn’t visit the mall.

Time expressions:

Yesterday

Last …….

Ago 

 I went to Miami two years ago.

             (yo fui a Miami hace 2 años)

 My cousin arrived to the country three hours ago.

          (Mi prima llegó al país hace 3 horas)

UNIT 11

What do you remember about your first friend?

I met him in the school, his name was Fernando, he was 6 years old. We lived in the same neighborhood, we enjoyed playing soccer in the afternoons. We were very happy.

TO BE (Past)

I was

You were

He was

She was

It was

We were

You were

They were

I  was unhappy.

My teacher was strict.

We were scared.

They were tall.

Structure:

subject + was/were + adjective.

I was a teacher.

She was my friend.

They were my students.

Structure:

subject + was/were + noun

Noun:

People

Animals

Things

He is working (Present Progressive)

He was working (Past Progressive)

Negative form:

He was my teacher.

He was not my teacher.

He wasn’t my teacher.

They were friends.

They were not friends.

They weren’t friends.

She was angry.

She was not angry.

She wasn’t angry.

Questions:

You were tired.

Were you tired?

Yes, I was.

No, I wasn’t.

She was a lawyer.

Was she a lawyer?

Yes, she was.

No, she wasn’t.

UNIT 12

Ellen’s problem:

She doesn’t know what to cook.

Grammar:

Noun:

People

Animals

Things

Singular Nouns

a = 1                              an = 1

a banana                     an apple

a melon                       an orange

a lemon                       an eraser

a watermelon            an umbrella

I have to take a test in …an… hour.

I bought …a…. house.

Plural Nouns

melons

bananas

houses

boxes

dictionary = dictionaries

Countable Nouns

We can count the nouns.

houses

people

vegetables

bananas

tangerines

bill (billete)

coins (monedas)

Uncountable Nouns

We can’t count the nouns.

Uncountable nouns DON’T HAVE plural form.

milk a glass of, a bottle of, a liter of

coffee a cup of

water

sugar a kilogram, a pound (una libra)

rice

salt

meat

bread

money

Quantifiers

I have money but I have few friends.

I don’t have money but I have a few friends.

What would you like to eat? ¿Qué te gustaría comer?

I would like to eat …….

I’d like = I would like

What would you like to drink?

I’d like to drink a cup of coffee.

either (ider) = tampoco

thirsty = sediento

Some (+)

Any (-) and (?)