GRAMMAR:
Present Progressive or Continuous
We use it to express actions that are happening in this momento, actions that are in progress.
I am teaching.
He is running in the park.
We are studying English.
Structure:
Subject + am/is/are + verb in base form + ing + comp.
She is studying Mathematics.
Verb to be:
I am
You are
He is
She is
It is
We are
You are
They are
Negative form:
I am teaching.
(-) I am not teaching.
(-) I’m not teaching.
He is running in the park.
He is not running in the park.
He isn’t running in the park.
He’s not running in the park.
We are studying English.
We are not studying English.
We aren’t studying English.
We’re not studying English.
Spelling:
Study = He is studying.
Come = They are coming
See = it is seeing
Do = I am doing
Run = We are running
cvc
put = she is putting the cutlery.
Time expressions:
Today
Now
Right now
In this moment
At the moment
This ……….
These……..
Look
Listen
I listen (listen) to the radio every day. (simple present)
I am listening (listen) to the radio right now. (present progressive)
Questions:
1. Yes/No questions
He is listening to music.
Is he listening to music?
Yes, he is
No, he isn’t
You are working hard.
Are you working hard?
Yes, I am
No, I’m not.
Am I teaching English?
Yes, you are
No, you aren’t
2. Wh-questions / Information questions
Are you studying? Yes I am / No, I’m not
What are you studying? ¿Qué estás estudiando?
I am studying English
When are you studying?
I am studying every day.
Where are you studying?
I am studying at home.
Who are you studying with?
I am studying with my friends
Why are you studying English?
Because it is necessary for my career.
Because I like it.
Because it is mandatory.
Because it is necessary to get a good job.
Who is teaching you English?
Teacher Hernán is teaching me English.
Your ……. Is different than YOU
HE or SHE
Is your best friend?
He/she
Are your friends
They
Hernán is working
He is working
He’s (correct)
He´s (incorrect)
What are you wearing? Que estás puesto?
I am wearing sneakers, jeans and t-shirt.
What kinds of clothes do you like to wear?
I like to wear…..
UNIT 8
Grammar:
Like to
Want to
Need to
Have to
verbs to
I like to wear a dress.
My sister likes to wear a dress.
I like apples
You want to learn English.
He wants to learn English.
You want a car.
We need to buy a computer.
She needs to buy a computer.
We need money.
They have to go to the gym.
My brother has to go to the gym.
They have dogs.
Structure:
Subject + like/want/need/have + to + verb base form + c.
Simple present
Third person: He – she – it
We have to add:
S-ES-IES
Have:
I have
You have
He has
She has
It has
We have
You have
They have
Negative form:
We use two auxiliary verbs:
don’t (do not) (I, you, we, they)
doesn’t (does not) (he,she,it)
You like to speak Japanese.
You don’t like to speak Japanese.
She likes to visit the church.
She doesn’t like to visit the church.
We need to buy jeans.
We don’t need to buy jeans.
She needs to learn Chemistry.
She doesn’t need to learn Chemistry.
They have to go tomorrow.
They don’t have to go tomorrow.
He has to drive his car.
He doesn’t have to drive his car.
Questions:
We use two auxiliary verbs:
do (I, you, we, they)
does (he, she, it)
You have to dance in the party.
Do you have to dance in the party?
Yes, I do
No, I don’t
She has to buy a new dress.
Does she have to buy a new dress?
Yes, she does
No, she doesn’t
What do you find (color) in nature?
What do you find (red) in nature? an apple
What do you find (white) in nature? the snow
Grammar:
How much =¿Cuánto cuesta?
How much is this car? ¿Cuánto cuesta este carro?
Singular Plural
This (near) These (near)
That (we point the object) Those (we point the objects)
How much is this computer?
It’s $600
This = esto, esta, este
How much are these computers?
They’re $1.000
These = estos, estas
How much is that computer?
It’s $800
That = eso, esa, ese
How much are those computers?
They’re $2.000
Those = esos, esas
UNIT 9
What other things do you like to do when you visit other places?
Take photos.
Go shopping
Buy souvenirs
Visit museums
Try local food
Take a walk
Grammar:
We can use the modal verb CAN (poder), and we use it in the following situations:
1. Abilities
2. Possibilities
3. Permission
4. Request.
1. Abilities:
I can speak English.
Stephanie can dance.
Francis can play basketball.
Israel can dance regueton.
Structure:
Subject + can/can’t + verb base form + c
Jenny can singer
Guido can to play ecuavolley
Negative form
My sister can bake.
(-) My sister can’t bake.
He can ride a horse.
(-) He can’t ride a horse.
Questions:
You can iron.
Can you iron?
Yes, I can
No, I can’t
She can speak four languages.
Can she speak four languages?
Yes, she can.
No, she can’t.
2. Possibility.
You can eat fish.
You can eat chontacuros.
You can eat traditional food.
Structure:
Subject + can/can’t + verb base form + c
Yes/no questions:
You can visit the lakes in Ibarra.
Can you visit the lakes in Ibarra?
Yes, I can
No, I can’t
Wh-question / Information questions
What can I do in Ambato?
You can buy souvenirs.
You can eat llapingachos.
You can visit your family.
You can visit a museum.
UNIT 10
What did you do last night?
Last nigh I ……
Grammar:
Simple Past.
We can use the simple past with:
1. Regular verbs.
2. Irregular verbs.
1. Regular verbs
Work = worked
Clean = cleaned
Jump = jumped
Watch = watched
Like = liked
Play = played stay = stayed
Study = studied cry = cried fry = fried
Chat = chatted stop = stopped shop = shopped
cvc
Except (W,X,Y,Z)
My friend cleaned the house.
You cooked dinner last night.
They visited the mall.
Structure:
Subject + verb past + c
Negative: We use auxiliary verb didn’t (did not)
My friend cleaned the house.
(-) My friend didn’t clean the house.
You cooked dinner last night.
(-) You didn’t cook dinner last night.
They visited the mall.
(-) They didn’t visit the mall.
Time expressions:
Yesterday
Last …….
Ago
I went to Miami two years ago.
(yo fui a Miami hace 2 años)
My cousin arrived to the country three hours ago.
(Mi prima llegó al país hace 3 horas)
UNIT 11
What do you remember about your first friend?
I met him in the school, his name was Fernando, he was 6 years old. We lived in the same neighborhood, we enjoyed playing soccer in the afternoons. We were very happy.
TO BE (Past)
I was
You were
He was
She was
It was
We were
You were
They were
I was unhappy.
My teacher was strict.
We were scared.
They were tall.
Structure:
subject + was/were + adjective.
I was a teacher.
She was my friend.
They were my students.
Structure:
subject + was/were + noun
Noun:
People
Animals
Things
He is working (Present Progressive)
He was working (Past Progressive)
Negative form:
He was my teacher.
He was not my teacher.
He wasn’t my teacher.
They were friends.
They were not friends.
They weren’t friends.
She was angry.
She was not angry.
She wasn’t angry.
Questions:
You were tired.
Were you tired?
Yes, I was.
No, I wasn’t.
She was a lawyer.
Was she a lawyer?
Yes, she was.
No, she wasn’t.
UNIT 12
Ellen’s problem:
She doesn’t know what to cook.
Grammar:
Noun:
People
Animals
Things
Singular Nouns
a = 1 an = 1
a banana an apple
a melon an orange
a lemon an eraser
a watermelon an umbrella
I have to take a test in …an… hour.
I bought …a…. house.
Plural Nouns
melons
bananas
houses
boxes
dictionary = dictionaries
Countable Nouns
We can count the nouns.
houses
people
vegetables
bananas
tangerines
bill (billete)
coins (monedas)
Uncountable Nouns
We can’t count the nouns.
Uncountable nouns DON’T HAVE plural form.
milk a glass of, a bottle of, a liter of
coffee a cup of
water
sugar a kilogram, a pound (una libra)
rice
salt
meat
bread
money
Quantifiers
I have money but I have few friends.
I don’t have money but I have a few friends.
What would you like to eat? ¿Qué te gustaría comer?
I would like to eat …….
I’d like = I would like
What would you like to drink?
I’d like to drink a cup of coffee.
either (ider) = tampoco
thirsty = sediento
Some (+)
Any (-) and (?)
